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LaQuita Donald, CHMM, CDGP The first Lithium “metal” battery was introduced into the commercial market in 1970. Emerging advances in electrochemical technologies in 1991 gave way to the Lithium “ion” battery and the evolution of the lithium “ion polymer” battery — used today in many consumer portable devices, tools and equipment. The evolution of these batteries has led to their increased usage for industry applications, increased longevity of the products they are used in, and becoming a preferred power source due to their high energy and power capacities. Lithium batteries provide many advantages that serve to increase product and power efficiency; however, because of the disadvantages identified in the use of lithium batteries, potential hazards pose risks to the user. To reduce the occurrence of safety issues, the Hazardous Materials (HazMat) community has worked diligently to ensure the safe handling, storage, and transportation of these batteries. In order to construct effective controls to reduce potential hazards and risks, it is necessary to understand the basic chemical and physical composition of these batteries. Lithium Metal Battery — uses metallic lithium as the anode and magnesium dioxide as the cathode. This battery also contains the salt of the lithium dissolved in an organic solvent. These batteries are known as primary batteries and can be subject to overheating and rapid discharge issues. These batteries are nonrechargeable. Lithium Ion Battery — uses lithium ions that move from the negative electrode to the positive electrode during discharge, then back to the original position during charging. This battery technology uses two electrodes (one that is usually flammable) and an electrolyte as its major components. These batteries are known as secondary batteries and can be subject to thermal runaway and cell rupture. These batteries are rechargeable. Lithium Ion Polymer Battery — uses a polymer electrolyte made […]